Melbourne VS. Mumbai
Cost of Living
In comparison to the Australian Dollar, Dharavi suffers from extreme poverty. Majority of the population live on $500 a year, which is equivalent to 24,000 Rs. For most of the citizens in Melbourne, this is a fortnight’s worth of food or a week’s rent.
In comparison to the Australian Dollar, Dharavi suffers from extreme poverty. Majority of the population live on $500 a year, which is equivalent to 24,000 Rs. For most of the citizens in Melbourne, this is a fortnight’s worth of food or a week’s rent.
Population
Mumbai is the third largest city in the world; home to 21 million inhabitants. This is equivalent to the population of Australia in 2006. From 1991, where its population was 12.5 million, Mumbai’s population has nearly doubled is size.
Figure 1 shows Mumbai’s population in 100,000’s, of which is a slum. As proposed in the graph, Mumbai contains, by far, the largest slum in all of India, one of which is Dharavi. This is a logarithmic scale, meaning it is not proportional or in other words, the large cities reduce the smaller cities to being unreadable. Therefore, every 1 = 100,000. Of the 18,400,000 total population of Mumbai, 5,200,000 are slums.
Mumbai is the third largest city in the world; home to 21 million inhabitants. This is equivalent to the population of Australia in 2006. From 1991, where its population was 12.5 million, Mumbai’s population has nearly doubled is size.
Figure 1 shows Mumbai’s population in 100,000’s, of which is a slum. As proposed in the graph, Mumbai contains, by far, the largest slum in all of India, one of which is Dharavi. This is a logarithmic scale, meaning it is not proportional or in other words, the large cities reduce the smaller cities to being unreadable. Therefore, every 1 = 100,000. Of the 18,400,000 total population of Mumbai, 5,200,000 are slums.
Growing at a much faster rate than regional Victoria, Melbourne’s population has increased by 1.5 million people over the past 40 years and currently hold 4 million inhabitants. It is growing by approximately 1,200 a week due to migration and there are more births than deaths. Figure 2 suggests that Melbourne’s population will increase from 4 million to 8.5 million by 2061. Figure 3 suggests that there is 4,000 or more people in one square kilometre in the Melbourne district.
Mortality and Birth Rates
Melbourne Mortality and Birth Rates:
In Melbourne, there is an average of 35,00 reported deaths each year. This is due the leading causes of death such as, Dementia, Alzheimer’s, lung, trachea and bronchus cancers and especially Heart Disease. The standard life expectancy for women is 85 years and 80 years for men.
Although the population of Victoria is growing rapidly due to international migration, it still has the lowest birth rate in all of Australia. The fertility rate in Melbourne is an average of 1.76 babies per woman. This adds to a total of 77,000 births.
Melbourne Mortality and Birth Rates:
In Melbourne, there is an average of 35,00 reported deaths each year. This is due the leading causes of death such as, Dementia, Alzheimer’s, lung, trachea and bronchus cancers and especially Heart Disease. The standard life expectancy for women is 85 years and 80 years for men.
Although the population of Victoria is growing rapidly due to international migration, it still has the lowest birth rate in all of Australia. The fertility rate in Melbourne is an average of 1.76 babies per woman. This adds to a total of 77,000 births.
Mumbai Mortality and Birth Rates:
In comparison, Mumbai’s total number of births each year is 25,000. However, since 2000, the total figure of births has increased from 23,695.
In the years of 2013 to 2014, there was a total of 87,027 deaths in Mumbai. This is more than double of Melbourne’s mortality rate. There were multiple leading causes such as, Malaria, Dengue, Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Cholera, Typhoid, Diabetes, Hypertension and HIV/AIDS.
In comparison, Mumbai’s total number of births each year is 25,000. However, since 2000, the total figure of births has increased from 23,695.
In the years of 2013 to 2014, there was a total of 87,027 deaths in Mumbai. This is more than double of Melbourne’s mortality rate. There were multiple leading causes such as, Malaria, Dengue, Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Cholera, Typhoid, Diabetes, Hypertension and HIV/AIDS.
Industry
Melbourne has a 6.3% unemployment rate and Dharavi, Mumbai has a 9.9% unemployment rate.
Melbourne:
The Events Industry:
Melbourne occupies some of the largest industries in the country. $2.4 billion is contributed to Melbourne’s local economy each year due to the events industry. This consists of events, such as Moomba, sporting events and exhibitions held in the city throughout the year, making Melbourne the events capital of Australia.
The Nursing Industry:
The nursing Industry includes registered nurses and midwives that are employed in public/private hospitals, residential aged care/mental health facilities and private practices. There are 76,830 registered nurses and 625 midwives in Victoria, according to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency’s Annual Report in 2011.
The Manufacturing Industry:
With approximately 30% of the country’s manufacturing worker’s employed in Victoria, it has been given the title of Australia’s Largest Manufacturing Industry. This includes automotive, advanced electronics/machinery, pharmaceuticals, fabricated metals, textiles, clothing and footwear (TCF) and food processing. This is a key part of the economy as it accounts for $30.8 billion of it and has 295,100 employees. Also, it is the states largest employer of full-time jobs.
Mumbai:
Tata Group:
Mumbai is headquarters to India’s 3 largest companies, one of which is the Tata Group. This is a multinational conglomerate company situated in Mumbai. This incorporates several business areas including, communication and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. As a trading company, Jamsetji Tata founded it in 1868. Tata Group has over 100 operating companies, including Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Chemicals and Tata Communications.
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL):
The Reliance Industries Limited are an Indian conglomerate holding company that runs is five main divisions: exploration and production, retail, refining and marketing, petrochemicals and telecommunications. RIL exist is multiple business segments around India. This includes science and technology, health care, natural resources and textiles. It is the second largest publicly traded company in India and by revenue and by market capitalism.
Aditya Birla Group:
Named after Aditya Vikram Birla, the Aditya Birla Group is also an Indian multinational conglomerate group. With over 120,000 employees worldwide, it manoeuvres in 40 countries. First founded by Seth Shiv Narayan Birla in 1857, the group interests in divisions including, metal, cement, branded apparel, chemical, insulators, BPO and IT services.
Melbourne has a 6.3% unemployment rate and Dharavi, Mumbai has a 9.9% unemployment rate.
Melbourne:
The Events Industry:
Melbourne occupies some of the largest industries in the country. $2.4 billion is contributed to Melbourne’s local economy each year due to the events industry. This consists of events, such as Moomba, sporting events and exhibitions held in the city throughout the year, making Melbourne the events capital of Australia.
The Nursing Industry:
The nursing Industry includes registered nurses and midwives that are employed in public/private hospitals, residential aged care/mental health facilities and private practices. There are 76,830 registered nurses and 625 midwives in Victoria, according to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency’s Annual Report in 2011.
The Manufacturing Industry:
With approximately 30% of the country’s manufacturing worker’s employed in Victoria, it has been given the title of Australia’s Largest Manufacturing Industry. This includes automotive, advanced electronics/machinery, pharmaceuticals, fabricated metals, textiles, clothing and footwear (TCF) and food processing. This is a key part of the economy as it accounts for $30.8 billion of it and has 295,100 employees. Also, it is the states largest employer of full-time jobs.
Mumbai:
Tata Group:
Mumbai is headquarters to India’s 3 largest companies, one of which is the Tata Group. This is a multinational conglomerate company situated in Mumbai. This incorporates several business areas including, communication and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. As a trading company, Jamsetji Tata founded it in 1868. Tata Group has over 100 operating companies, including Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Chemicals and Tata Communications.
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL):
The Reliance Industries Limited are an Indian conglomerate holding company that runs is five main divisions: exploration and production, retail, refining and marketing, petrochemicals and telecommunications. RIL exist is multiple business segments around India. This includes science and technology, health care, natural resources and textiles. It is the second largest publicly traded company in India and by revenue and by market capitalism.
Aditya Birla Group:
Named after Aditya Vikram Birla, the Aditya Birla Group is also an Indian multinational conglomerate group. With over 120,000 employees worldwide, it manoeuvres in 40 countries. First founded by Seth Shiv Narayan Birla in 1857, the group interests in divisions including, metal, cement, branded apparel, chemical, insulators, BPO and IT services.
Water Quality
Water quality: Melbourne
It is a fact that Melbourne has some of the best drinking water in the world. The water is tested regularly to ensure that it meets the strict requirements and if needed, they are treated for any water diseases, although it is unlikely. The requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 are set by the Department of Health and Human Services.
Also, the National Health and Medical Research Council developed the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011.
Melbourne uses independently certified systems such as, ISO 9001 and HACCP: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, for managing the quality of the drinking water. The results tested are sent to the Department of Health each year for certification.
Depending on how the water is moved around, the sources of water change each year at different times. Each year 50,000 samples are tested from over 160 different sites including: storage reservoirs, service reservoirs, aqueducts, transfer mains and points of supply to our retail water customers. Each sample is tested for turbidity, mineral content and other natural substances such as iron and manganese, colour, pH, bacteria and chlorine and fluoride levels.
This makes sure that there is no contaminates like fuel or pesticides living in the water.
Water quality: Dharavi
In comparison to Melbourne water quality, Mumbai’s BMC water supply chain has grown dirtier. From the tens of thousands of water samples tested in 2012-2013, 19% were found unsafe for human consumption.
Mumbai doesn’t have the kind of sufficient or strict water regulations like Melbourne, such as their multiple water tests. For example in 2012-13, the officials collected 60,726 random samples and nearly 11,700 of those were contaminated. Of those samples 1,474 were found to have the deadly E.coli bacteria. Found in the water was sand particles, sewage water, E.coli bacteria and foreign, unidentifiable particles. Doctors say that E.coli bacteria can cause severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomiting.
The water testing process for quality control, in Mumbai, is flawed.
Water quality: Melbourne
It is a fact that Melbourne has some of the best drinking water in the world. The water is tested regularly to ensure that it meets the strict requirements and if needed, they are treated for any water diseases, although it is unlikely. The requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 are set by the Department of Health and Human Services.
Also, the National Health and Medical Research Council developed the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011.
Melbourne uses independently certified systems such as, ISO 9001 and HACCP: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, for managing the quality of the drinking water. The results tested are sent to the Department of Health each year for certification.
Depending on how the water is moved around, the sources of water change each year at different times. Each year 50,000 samples are tested from over 160 different sites including: storage reservoirs, service reservoirs, aqueducts, transfer mains and points of supply to our retail water customers. Each sample is tested for turbidity, mineral content and other natural substances such as iron and manganese, colour, pH, bacteria and chlorine and fluoride levels.
This makes sure that there is no contaminates like fuel or pesticides living in the water.
Water quality: Dharavi
In comparison to Melbourne water quality, Mumbai’s BMC water supply chain has grown dirtier. From the tens of thousands of water samples tested in 2012-2013, 19% were found unsafe for human consumption.
Mumbai doesn’t have the kind of sufficient or strict water regulations like Melbourne, such as their multiple water tests. For example in 2012-13, the officials collected 60,726 random samples and nearly 11,700 of those were contaminated. Of those samples 1,474 were found to have the deadly E.coli bacteria. Found in the water was sand particles, sewage water, E.coli bacteria and foreign, unidentifiable particles. Doctors say that E.coli bacteria can cause severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomiting.
The water testing process for quality control, in Mumbai, is flawed.
Recycling
As one of the largest slums in Asia, Dharavi is labelled as the recycling centre of India. Due to the substantial growth in consumption and increased production of plastics, it has become a large health hazard for many urban areas. This town remains a land of recycling opportunities for the citizens of India as 7,025 tons of waste produced on a daily basis in Mumbai alone.
‘Ragpickers’ are known as people that make a living on recycling, 300,000 of which live in Mumbai. They search through piles of waste to salvage recyclable materials such as, metal, glass and plastic, which are then sold to scrap dealers. Almost everything in Dharavi is recycled, however, plastic is the most recycled resource.
Mumbai has a very poor medical waste system. Most of the medical waste to recycled with all the other recycling products in Dharavi; Mumbai recycling capital.
SITA Medi-Collect is a medical and clinical waste division that provides safe and efficient ways of medical waste disposal. They are recycling and resource management service for hospitals and health care environments in Melbourne. They can recycle, clinical waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic, sharps, X-rays, products containing mercury.
Also, in Melbourne, there are specialised bins made for general waste, recycling products and green waste. This makes the recycling business easier and more efficient. The most recycled resource in Melbourne is plastic. In this city, recycling plays a major role of survival, however, it might need to be improved as the population is rapidly growing.
As one of the largest slums in Asia, Dharavi is labelled as the recycling centre of India. Due to the substantial growth in consumption and increased production of plastics, it has become a large health hazard for many urban areas. This town remains a land of recycling opportunities for the citizens of India as 7,025 tons of waste produced on a daily basis in Mumbai alone.
‘Ragpickers’ are known as people that make a living on recycling, 300,000 of which live in Mumbai. They search through piles of waste to salvage recyclable materials such as, metal, glass and plastic, which are then sold to scrap dealers. Almost everything in Dharavi is recycled, however, plastic is the most recycled resource.
Mumbai has a very poor medical waste system. Most of the medical waste to recycled with all the other recycling products in Dharavi; Mumbai recycling capital.
SITA Medi-Collect is a medical and clinical waste division that provides safe and efficient ways of medical waste disposal. They are recycling and resource management service for hospitals and health care environments in Melbourne. They can recycle, clinical waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic, sharps, X-rays, products containing mercury.
Also, in Melbourne, there are specialised bins made for general waste, recycling products and green waste. This makes the recycling business easier and more efficient. The most recycled resource in Melbourne is plastic. In this city, recycling plays a major role of survival, however, it might need to be improved as the population is rapidly growing.
Summary
In summary, with Melbourne’s water quality systems in Dharavi and India’s recycling industry in Melbourne, both cities have the potential to become mega cities. As Melbourne is currently increasing at a rapid rate each year – to potentially be greater than Sydney – it is going to need a better and greater form recycling because as the population increases, more waste is going to be produced. Likewise, due to the extremely high and depressing population in India’s largest slum, better and more thorough water systems are needed to improve the health risks and decrease the death mortality and illness. As well as care in water quality, Dharavi needs to understand that illness such as, Cholera, which is contracted from contaminated water and the E.coli bacteria, as well as Typhoid are just as deadly as contracting HIV/AIDS, which is another major problem in India, and there needs to be a resolution or prevention method found.
In summary, with Melbourne’s water quality systems in Dharavi and India’s recycling industry in Melbourne, both cities have the potential to become mega cities. As Melbourne is currently increasing at a rapid rate each year – to potentially be greater than Sydney – it is going to need a better and greater form recycling because as the population increases, more waste is going to be produced. Likewise, due to the extremely high and depressing population in India’s largest slum, better and more thorough water systems are needed to improve the health risks and decrease the death mortality and illness. As well as care in water quality, Dharavi needs to understand that illness such as, Cholera, which is contracted from contaminated water and the E.coli bacteria, as well as Typhoid are just as deadly as contracting HIV/AIDS, which is another major problem in India, and there needs to be a resolution or prevention method found.
Reflection on Assignments
- One of the largest industries in Dharavi is the Leather Industry - making of shoes, handbags, clothes, etc.
- 80% of the waste in Dharavi gets recycled. Women and children sort through these to see which are the most valuable.
- Rain water in Melbourne is captured in dams, where it is then filtered.
What works well?
The things that worked well most with the assignment was finding the water quality and mortality and birth rates of both Melbourne and Dahravi. Also, the overall construction of the presentation poster was great.
What are the challenges?
Some of the challenges was trying to get everything done on time, especially when the information was hard to find and you couldn't find the correct information. Also, finding the proper graphs was challenging.
What direction you are taking?
In the future I would possibly like to visit Dharavi and work to the best of my ability to not just change, but help the people of that city live a better life. I would possible improve where they are living to make it more secure, healthier and hygienic for future generations.
The things that worked well most with the assignment was finding the water quality and mortality and birth rates of both Melbourne and Dahravi. Also, the overall construction of the presentation poster was great.
What are the challenges?
Some of the challenges was trying to get everything done on time, especially when the information was hard to find and you couldn't find the correct information. Also, finding the proper graphs was challenging.
What direction you are taking?
In the future I would possibly like to visit Dharavi and work to the best of my ability to not just change, but help the people of that city live a better life. I would possible improve where they are living to make it more secure, healthier and hygienic for future generations.